Utilitarianism - Search Results

Utilitarianism and the U.S. Decision to go to War in Iraq (2003) with References to John Stuart Mill, Immanuel Kant and Thomas Nagel (9 Pages, 107.55 $ (USD) )

This is a 9 page paper discussing the application of utilitarianism to the U.S. decision to go to war with Iraq without U.N. approval. John Stuart Mill’s “Greatest Happiness Principle” and utility is used in terms of moral decisions and can be applied in regards to act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism. Basically, morals and decision making are based on the ideas of rule-utilitarianism in which the consequences of certain actions are considered in terms of the whole, or everyone. Act-utilitarianism however, which can for Mill void rules in certain circumstances, evaluates an action based on the circumstances solely related to the action. The decision making process is only considered a moral one if it is based on good will, according to Immanuel Kant. Thomas Nagel, on the other hand, argues that the U.S. often acts within its own circumstances (act-utilitarianism) and in cases of war, once enacted, the decision to start war, or whether the decision was moral or not, is forgotten and replaced with future speculations of peace, freedom and economic prosperity. Similarly, the application of act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism can be applied to the recent U.S. decision to declare war on Iraq without the approval of the U.N. Security Council. Theoretically, the U.N. is following the moral guidelines of rule-utilitarianism where as the U.S. is following those under act-utilitarianism. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

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Mill's Utilitarianism

3 Pages, 1327 Words, 18 $ (USD)

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Memo: Utilitarianism And Censorship (8 Pages, 95.6 $ (USD) )

8 pages in length. The objective of this memo is to demonstrate the relationship between utilitarianism and censorship, if there is indeed one that truly exists. At issue is whether or not utilitarianism has a place in the framework of censorship and if it does, to what extent is this association deemed beneficial or disadvantageous. When assessing these concerns, it is important to consider the fact that utilitarianism represents the belief that what serves the greatest number serves the greater good, rather than what is favorable for a few; similarly, censorship has to do with forbidding people to express themselves in the manner best suited to their needs. With that in mind, one can easily see how censorship and utilitarianism may not have the most harmonious relationship. The writer discusses utilitarianism as it relates to censorship. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

Paper Keywords -intcens, tariuti

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Henry Sidgwick’s Arguments and Theories of Utilitarianism and Egoism: Morality, Sanctions, Reasoning and Common Sense (5 Pages, 59.75 $ (USD) )

This is a 5 page paper discussing Sidgwick’s “The Methods of Ethics” as he examines the morality behind the arguments of the Utilitarianism and the Egoist philosophies. In Henry Sidgwick’s “The Methods of Ethics”, he examines the morality behind the arguments of the Utilitarianism and the Egoist philosophies. In doing so, Sidgwick finds that the morality of common sense is outlined by its adherence to certain principles of consensus in a society and which seem to be consistent throughout history and societies. The morality of common sense is consistent with that of utilitarianism in that moral good is measured by the greatest good for the greatest number. Sidgwick finds however that the utilitarianism argument fails against that of the egoist who finds that an action which brings each man’s happiness is the basis for man’s morality. In order to “prove” his argument, the utilitarian imposes sanctions on the egoist which in a sense state that there are pleasures and pains which will be expected if an egoist acts only in his own self interests. These sanctions however, do not offer “proof” for the egoist as for him, his own happiness is by definition only good, not only for him but also from a universal perspective. Bibliography lists 1 source.

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Chapter IV in “Utilitarianism” by John Stuart Mill (5 Pages, 59.75 $ (USD) )

This is a 5 page paper discussing the argument presented by Mill in Chapter 4 of “Utilitarianism” (1863). John Stuart Mill was raised on the utilitarian principles indoctrinated by his father James which are based largely on people’s actions are the result of their desire for ultimate happiness and all actions are elements of this happiness or a means to attain it. In Mill’s Chapter IV of “Utilitarianism” (1863), he attempts to prove this system of utility based on the principle of desire for ultimate happiness. To do this, he uses an indirect method of proof and in accepting his argument the reader must accept the basis of utilitarianism in order to extrapolate his principle to include the elements of will and virtue; elements many philosophers believe are not conscious acts of desire but remain unconscious in their design. Mill believes that will and virtue along with other elements such as money, power and fame are all originally based on the desire for general happiness and are therefore included. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

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Utilitarianism And Moral Reasoning (8 Pages, 95.6 $ (USD) )

An 8 page paper. The essay addresses this question: Is a utilitarian approach to moral reasoning adequate? The writer discusses utilitarianism in terms of act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism and argues that neither of these is adequate in and of themselves for moral reasoning. John Stuart Mill and Emmett Barcalow are used as primary resources. Kant is also included to make a point. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

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Rule & Act Utilitarianism (6 Pages, 71.7 $ (USD) )

A 6 page essay on the question: "Does rule utilitarianism collapse into act utilitarianism?" The writer first defines utilitarianism and both of these sub-categories before arguing that it does not necessarily do this. Bibliography lists 1 source.

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John Stuart Mills: Utilitarianism. (5 Pages, 59.75 $ (USD) )

(5 pp) Utilitarianism is an ethical theory developed in the modern period by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-73) to promote fairness in British legislation during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries when the interests of the upper classes tended to prevail and the sufferings of the lower classes were neglected. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that calls for putting benevolence into action. Mill interprets the term utilitarianism as signifying any moral theory (the terms ethical and moral are used synonymously by Bentham and Mill, ) in which acts are judged on the basis of their utility. Mill further specifies that there is no one conception of what constitutes utility and there is no implication of a sect. The author expresses dissention with "The Ultimate Sanction of the Principle of Utility." Bibliography lists 3 sources.

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George Orwel's "Shooting An Elephant": Utilitarianism (4 Pages, 47.8 $ (USD) )

4 pages in length. George Orwel's "Shooting An Elephant" addresses utilitarianism inasmuch as it speaks to the bigger picture; in other words, utilitarianism purports to maintain its existence for the benefit of all concerned. Utilitarianism can be viewed as a doctrine where the useful is good and the determining consideration of right conduct should be the usefulness of its consequences; this is a theory where the aim of action should be the largest possible balance of pleasure over pain, or the greatest happiness of the greatest number. The greatest good for the greatest number of people is emphasized within a utilitarian society. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

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Act-Utilitarianism Versus Rule-Utilitarianism (4 Pages, 47.8 $ (USD) )

This 4 page paper provides an overview of the different types of theories on the umbrella of utilitarianism. Many examples are provided. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

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